Cargo sampling

Cargo sampling   Cargo sampling is the taking and retaining of true representative samples of commodity products, such as bulk, liquid cargo. Samples may be taken from all points in the supply chain, from warehouses, terminals, barges, ships, pipelines or service...

Visual inspection (VT)

Visual inspection (VT) Visual inspection is a primary method of non-destructive testing (NDT). Many others NDT methods require visual inspection to reveal and assess imperfections. This method is simple, easy to apply, quickly carried out and usually low in cost....

Penetrant testing (PT)

Penetrant testing (PT) Penetrant testing (PT) is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method. This NDT method detects discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, porosity, lack of fusion, lamination, fatigue failure which are open to the surface of the material to be...

Magnetic particle testing (MT)

Magnetic particle testing (MT) Magnetic particle testing (MT) techniques allows detecting surface imperfections in ferromagnetic forgings, castings and welds, including the heat affecting zones. It can also detect imperfections below the surface on 3 mm depth. This...

Ultrasonic testing (UT)

Ultrasonic testing (UT) A typical ultrasonic testing (UT)  system consists of several functional units, such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and display devices. A pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high voltage electrical pulses. Driven by...